Events+and+Leaders-Umayyad

BACK = Events and Leaders = (H) (H) (Yalman) (Hooker) (Hooker) (Hooker) (Hooker) (H)
 * The Prophet Muhammad dies in 632
 * Lack of indication for Prophet Muhammad's successor lead to first political splits
 * those who wanted succession within Prophet's family
 * those who wanted a successor chosen on merit
 * Mu'awiya (661-680)
 * set up first hereditary caliphate of Muslim world
 * transfers seat of Islamic power to Syria
 * Yazid I (680-683)
 * second civil war broke out under his reign
 * attacks Mecca
 * Mu'awiya (683-684)
 * reigned for only four months
 * after death caliphate went into disarray
 * Marwan I (684-685)
 * reestablished Umayyad Caliphate/ Dynasty
 * Abd al-Malik (685-705)
 * destroyed Mecca
 * imposed Arabic language in the administration
 * created one of Islam's first religious monuments (Dome of the Rock)

H, J. "The Umayyads." __Qantara__. Mediterranean Heritage. 5 May 2009 <[]>.

Hooker, Richard. "The Umayyad Caliphate." __Jewish Virtual Library__. 2009. The American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. 5 May 2009 < []>.

Yalman, Suzan. "The Art of the Umayyad Period." __Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History__. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 4 May 2009 <[]>.